NR 283 Quiz 3
Student Name
Chamberlain University
NR-283: Pathophysiology
Prof. Name
Date
1. A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:
a. Decreased renal blood flow
b. Decreased peritubular capillary pressure
c. Dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage
d. Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone
2. A 27-year-old male has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?
a. Atrophy of the remaining kidney
b. Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney
c. Dysplasia in the remaining kidney
d. Renal failure
3. A 55-year-old male presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?
a. Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
b. Formation of renal calculi
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Increased bladder compliance
4. When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of, how should the nurse respond? The most common type of renal stone is composed of:
a. Magnesium
b. Struvite
c. Calcium
d. Phosphate
5. While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:
a. Urine pH
b. Body temperature
c. Gender
d. Serum mineral concentrations
NR 283 Quiz 3
6. A 24-year-old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience?
a. Anuria
b. Hematuria
c. Pyuria
d. Flank pain
7. A 25-year-old female presents with burning urination. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?
a. Streptococcus
b. Candida albicans
c. Chlamydia
d. Escherichia coli
8. A 35-year-old male received a traumatic brain injury in a motor vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a lesion above the pontine micturition center. Which of the following would the nurse expect?
a. Dyssynergia
b. Detrusor hyperreflexia
c. Detrusor areflexia
d. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
9. A 75-year-old male reports to his primary care provider loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
a. Urge incontinence
b. Stress incontinence
c. Overflow incontinence
d. Functional incontinence
10. A 19-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained a closed head injury. She is now experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Which of the following is the most beneficial medication treatment?
a. Alpha blocker
b. Beta blocker
c. Vasodilator
d. Diuretic
11. A nurse assesses a patient with a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) for:
a. Several species of bacteria
b. Other health problems
c. Urosepsis
d. Urethral obstruction
12. A 28-year-old female presents with fever, chills, and flank pain. She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the patient’s infection is located in the:
a. Bladder
b. Renal pelvis
c. Renal tubules
d. Glomerulus
13. While planning care for a patient who has acute pyelonephritis, a nurse recalls the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is:
a. Cystitis
b. Renal cancer
c. Urinary tract obstruction
d. Nephrotic syndrome
14. A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, hematuria, and fever. Which of the following does the nurse suspect the patient is most likely experiencing?
a. Acute cystitis
b. Renal calculi
c. Chronic renal failure
d. Postrenal renal failure
18. A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:
a. Cystitis
b. Chronic pyelonephritis
c. Acute glomerulonephritis
d. Renal calculi
19. A 45-year-old male presents with oliguria. He is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis. The nurse knows oliguria is related to:
a. Thickening of the glomerular membrane and decreased renal blood flow
b. Increased glomerular capillary oncotic pressure and tubular obstruction
c. Activation of renin-angiotensin from decreased blood volume
d. Vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles
20. A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?
a. Hematuria
b. Dysuria
c. Oliguria
d. Proteinuria
NR 283 Quiz 3
21. A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood. The nurse realizes he is in acute renal failure caused by:
a. Kidney stones
b. Immune complex deposition in the glomerulus
c. Inadequate renal blood flow
d. Obstruction of the proximal tubule
22. A 35-year-old female was severely burned and is hospitalized. She is now suffering from acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
a. Prerenal
b. Intrarenal
c. Extrarenal
d. Postrenal
23. A 56-year-old male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which of the following types of renal failure should the nurse monitor for as it is the most likely to occur?
a. Prerenal
b. Intrarenal
c. Extrarenal
d. Postrenal
24. A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with renal failure. While the nurse is reviewing lab results, which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?
a. Elevated plasma creatinine level
b. Decreased plasma potassium level
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Increased urea clearance
25. A 45-year-old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by:
a. Red blood cells being lost in the urine
b. Inadequate production of erythropoietin
c. Inadequate iron absorption in the gut
d. Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus
26. A 42-year-old female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment. Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting:
a. Fats
b. Complex carbohydrates
c. Proteins
d. Sugars
27. While turning a patient with chronic renal failure, which principle should the nurse recall? Bone fractures are a risk factor in chronic renal failure because:
a. Calcium is lost in the urine
b. Osteoblast activity is excessive
c. The kidneys fail to activate vitamin D
d. Autoantibodies to calcium molecules develop
28. Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:
a. Blood loss via the urine
b. Renal insensitivity to vitamin D
c. Inadequate production of erythropoietin
d. Inadequate retention of serum iron
29. A patient with end-stage renal disease has pruritus. When the patient asks what causes this, what is the nurse’s best response? Pruritus, seen in patients with end-stage renal disease, is caused by high levels of:
a. Potassium
b. Calcium
c. Sodium
d. Magnesium
NR 283 Quiz 3
MULTIPLE RESPONSES
1. When a nurse is teaching about urinary pathogens in men. Which information should the nurse include? Mechanisms for defense against urinary pathogens in men include (select all that apply):
a. The long length of the urethra
b. Alkaline pH of urine
c. Secretion of mucus that traps bacteria
d. Antimicrobial secretions from the prostate
e. Implantation of the ureters in the bladder
2. A 65-year-old Hispanic female is admitted to the hospital with a pathologic, compound, transverse fracture of the femur. Which of the following statements best describes this type of fracture?
A. The fracture line is parallel to the bone
B. The fracture line is straight across the bone
C. The fracture line is perpendicular to the bone
D. The fracture line is vertical to the shaft of the bone
3. A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis fractures her leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. She reports that the fracture occurred following a minor fall. Which of the following best describes the fracture?
A. Fatigue fracture
B. Stress fracture
C. Pathologic fracture
D. Greenstick fracture
4. A 32-year-old obese male begins a jogging routine. A week after beginning, he fractures his leg. This is referred to as a what type of fracture?
A. Comminuted
B. Greenstick
C. Fatigue
D. Compound
6. A 35-year-old female suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that the bone surfaces in the joint partially lost contact with each other. This condition is called:
A. Dislocation
B. Subluxation
C. Distortion
D. Nonunion
7. A 12-year-old female hurts her ankle while playing basketball. Tests reveal that she tore a ligament. This condition is known as a:
A. Sprain
B. Strain
C. Disunion
D. Subluxation
8. A 36-year-old male complains of pain and weakness in the elbow. He reports that he is a warehouse worker and lifts boxes daily. MRI reveals inflammation of the tendon where it attaches to bone. This condition is called:
A. Periostitis
B. Muscle strain
C. Bursitis
D. Epicondylopathy
10. Which of the following clinical findings would be expected in the patient with rhabdomyolysis?
A. Sweating
B. Dark urine
C. Yellow color to the skin
D. Lower extremity swelling
11. A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture secondary to osteoporosis. This condition is caused by an increase in bone:
A. Density
B. Formation
C. Resorption
D. Mineralization
12. A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:
a. Increased androgen levels
b. Decreased estrogen levels
c. Strenuous exercise
d. Excessive dietary calcium
13. A 76-year-old female was diagnosed with osteoporosis by radiologic exam. She is at high risk for:
A. Bone infections
B. Joint injuries
C. Pathologic bone fractures
D. Osteomalacia
14. An 80-year-old male presents with skeletal pain and tenderness, especially in the hips. He is diagnosed with Osteomalacia caused by:
A. Collagen breakdown in the bone matrix
B. Excessive bone resorption
C. Crowding of bone marrow by excessive bone growth
D. Inadequate bone mineralization
15. A 56-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Osteomalacia. History reveals that he takes anticonvulsants, underwent small bowel resection 3 years earlier, and suffers from chronic pancreatitis. What is the common link between these three factors and the development of Osteomalacia?
A. Impaired phosphate absorption
B. Increased calcium excretion
C. Vitamin D deficiency
D. Impaired vitamin C metabolism
16. A disorder similar to Osteomalacia that occurs in growing bones of children is termed:
a. Paget disease
b. Rickets
c. Osteomyelitis
d. Osteosarcoma
NR 283 Quiz 3
18. A 70-year-old male presents with back pain, fever, and weight loss. He reports that he had a recent respiratory infection from which he thought he recovered. Tests revealed increased white blood cell count, and a diagnosis of endogenous osteomyelitis was made. The primary organism causing this condition is:
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Salmonella
c. Mycobacterium
d. Haemophilus influenza
19. A 54-year-old female was recently diagnosed with degenerative joint disease. This condition is characterized by loss of:
a. The epiphyses
b. Articular cartilage
c. Synovial fluid
d. The joint capsule
20. A 54-year-old male was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following is the expected treatment of choice?
a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
b. Gold salts
c. Methotrexate
d. Hydroxychloroquine
21. Researchers now believe that RA is:
A. Curable with antiviral agents
B. An autoimmune disease
C. A complication of rheumatic fever
D. Related to superficial joint injury
22. A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with RA. Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the:
a. Synovial membrane
b. Articular cartilage
c. Subchondral bone
d. Surrounding ligaments
23. A 21-year-old female presents with low back pain and stiffness that is alleviated by physical activity. She was diagnosed with Ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The first joint to be affected would be the:
a. Sacroiliac
b. Carpal
c. Shoulder
d. Hip
24. A 52-year-old male with gout reports sudden onset of severe joint pain in the big toe. This is caused by:
a. Immune complex deposition
b. Decreased uric acid levels
c. Uric acid crystal deposits
d. Rheumatoid factor
25. The most common joint affected by gout is the:
a. Ankle
b. Knee
c. Big toe
d. Shoulder
26. A 22-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following is an important diagnostic factor for SLE?
a. Bone erosion
b. Joint deformity
c. Antinuclear antibodies
d. Uric acid crystals
27. A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Which of the following is a common feature of this disease?
a. Joint hypermobility
b. Bone cysts
c. Thickened skin
d. Skin ulcers
28. A 50-year-old male presents with polymyositis. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect?
a. Joint pain
b. Skin rash
c. Muscle weakness
d. Bone deformities
29. A 40-year-old female was diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Which of the following symptoms is common in this disorder?
a. Bone pain
b. Widespread musculoskeletal pain
c. Joint inflammation
d. Muscle atrophy
30. A 45-year-old female reports morning stiffness lasting over an hour, joint pain, and fatigue. She is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?
a. Joint pain improving with rest
b. Symmetrical joint involvement
c. No systemic symptoms
d. Absence of joint swelling
31. A 60-year-old male diagnosed with osteoarthritis reports pain worsening throughout the day. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
a. Resting the affected joints all day
b. Using heat and gentle exercise
c. Weight loss and physical therapy
d. High-impact aerobic exercise
32. A 28-year-old female presents with a swollen, painful joint. Synovial fluid analysis shows crystals under polarized light microscopy. The nurse suspects:
a. Osteoarthritis
b. Rheumatoid arthritis
c. Gout
d. Septic arthritis
33. A 34-year-old female with lupus reports increased fatigue, joint pain, and a butterfly rash on her face. The nurse recognizes these as common signs of:
a. Systemic lupus erythematosus
b. Rheumatoid arthritis
c. Osteoarthritis
d. Fibromyalgia
34. A 50-year-old male reports difficulty swallowing and thickened skin on his hands and face. The nurse suspects:
a. Rheumatoid arthritis
b. Scleroderma
c. Systemic sclerosis
d. Polymyositis
35. A 42-year-old female complains of muscle weakness and skin rash. She is diagnosed with dermatomyositis. Which of the following is a characteristic feature?
a. Joint swelling
b. Raynaud’s phenomenon
c. Gottron’s papules
d. Hyperuricemia
36. A 55-year-old male presents with lower back pain and stiffness. Imaging reveals bamboo spine. The nurse suspects:
a. Rheumatoid arthritis
b. Osteoarthritis
c. Ankylosing spondylitis
d. Gout
37. A 70-year-old female is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which lab value would most likely be abnormal?
a. Serum calcium
b. Serum phosphate
c. Vitamin D
d. Parathyroid hormone
38. A 25-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe joint pain and swelling after binge drinking alcohol. The nurse suspects:
a. Rheumatoid arthritis
b. Osteoarthritis
c. Gout attack
d. Septic arthritis
39. A 32-year-old female complains of muscle pain and fatigue for the past six months. No abnormalities on lab tests. The nurse suspects:
a. Polymyositis
b. Systemic lupus erythematosus
c. Fibromyalgia
d. Rheumatoid arthritis
40. A 45-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis is treated with methotrexate. What should the nurse monitor for?
a. Liver toxicity
b. Renal failure
c. Bone marrow suppression
d. Cardiac arrhythmias