Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date Annotated Bibliography Women’s Rights and Historical Struggles Since the 19th century, women have endured a prolonged struggle for equality, challenging legal, social, and cultural barriers that restricted their autonomy. For much of history, women were denied control over fundamental aspects of their lives, including reproductive rights. According to Google, women’s rights are defined as “rights that promote a position of legal and social equality of women with men.” These rights encompass equal opportunities in education, employment, and personal freedoms. Women’s movements have historically fought for the acknowledgment that gender equality is not only a legal issue but also a moral and social imperative. Their efforts have paved the way for significant legislative reforms and societal shifts, ensuring that women have the ability to participate fully in public life. Howard-Hassmann, R. E. (2011) – Universal Women’s Rights Since 1970: The Centrality of Autonomy and Agency Howard-Hassmann explores the transformative changes in the women’s rights movement during the late 19th and 20th centuries. She emphasizes that these movements expanded women’s autonomy in both family and public spheres, allowing them to navigate diverse identities, roles, and obligations with increased freedom. One critical debate addressed in the article is whether human rights inherently apply to women or if they historically reflected male experiences. The feminist critique suggested that human rights frameworks were often shaped by male perspectives, overlooking women’s agency as political, social, and economic contributors. This perspective perpetuated the stereotype that men belonged to the public realm while women remained confined to the private domain. Key Themes in Howard-Hassmann’s Article Description Autonomy & Agency Women gained the ability to make independent choices in personal and public spheres. Feminist Critique of Human Rights Questioned whether human rights truly encompassed women’s experiences. Rejection of Stereotypes Challenged outdated views of women as passive or solely private actors. Abrams, P. (2015) – The Bad Mother: Stigma, Abortion, and Surrogacy In the early 19th century, societal norms dictated that a woman’s primary role was to bear children and manage the household. Any deviation from this norm, such as seeking abortion, was met with severe social stigma. Abrams interrogates whether the abortion debate is rooted in moral convictions or whether it serves as a means of reinforcing gender control. Women who opted for abortion were often labeled as “bad mothers,” a moral framing that reinforced traditional gender expectations. Such narratives perpetuated the belief that women were too emotional or irrational to make decisions about their reproductive health, undermining their agency. This stigmatization functioned as a social tool to discourage women from exercising reproductive choice. Loveday, V. (2009) – Feminism & the Women’s Rights Movement Loveday’s work chronicles the modern women’s rights movement in the United States, beginning in the 1920s and gaining significant momentum in the 1960s. The article examines major milestones, including the influence of The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan, the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the fight for abortion rights. The movement achieved important gains such as equal pay advocacy, anti-discrimination policies, and broader representation in public life. However, post-World War II societal norms demonstrated the fragility of women’s workforce participation. Although women played a crucial role in wartime production, many were dismissed from their jobs after the war to make space for returning servicemen. HUMN 303 Annotated Bibliography Event Impact on Women’s Rights WWII Workforce Entry Women proved capable in industrial roles, contributing to war efforts. Post-War Employment Loss Many women were replaced by men, reinforcing workplace inequality. Feminist Activism (1960s–70s) Led to significant legal and cultural reforms for gender equality. Zuzana, D., & Pavel, S. (2013) – The Potential of Women and the 21st Century Zuzana and Pavel highlight the increasing educational and professional success of women in developed countries. Women often outperform men academically, earn more university degrees, and hold a majority of new employment positions. In addition to their labor force participation, women influence major economic sectors through consumer power and investment in future generations. Despite these gains, the underrepresentation of women in senior management remains a significant challenge. The authors identify this as a wasted economic resource and note that the European Union actively works to address such inequalities. Haghighat, E. (2013) – Social Status and Change: The Question of Access to Resources and Women’s Empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa Haghighat challenges the misconception that Islam alone is responsible for limiting women’s empowerment in the MENA region. Instead, she argues that political and economic factors, coupled with historical patriarchal traditions, have a more complex role in shaping women’s access to resources. The article underscores that women’s empowerment is a process requiring the freedom to define and express personal needs and goals without restrictions imposed by religion, government, or societal norms. A multidimensional analysis—including demographic, political, and economic realities—is essential for understanding women’s status in this region. References Abrams, P. (2015). The bad mother: Stigma, abortion and surrogacy. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 43(2), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12231 Haghighat, E. (2013). Social status and change: The question of access to resources and women’s empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 14(1), 273–299. http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol14/iss1/17 Howard-Hassmann, R. E. (2011). Universal women’s rights since 1970: The centrality of autonomy and agency. Journal of Human Rights, 10(4), 433–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2011.619398 HUMN 303 Annotated Bibliography Loveday, V. (2009). Feminism & the women’s rights movement. Feminism & the Women’s Rights Movement, 1. Zuzana, D., & Pavel, S. (2013). The potential of women and the 21st century. Research Journal of Economics, Business and ICT, 1, 27–30.

Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date David Alfaro Siqueiros, Mexican, 1896–1974 — Echo of a Scream David Alfaro Siqueiros, a renowned Mexican muralist born in 1896, created the powerful and politically charged work Echo of a Scream in 1937. This painting, executed in enamel on wood, reflects his strong political convictions and lived experiences, many of which stemmed from his active participation in the Mexican Revolution. As Martin and Jacobus (2018) note, Siqueiros was deeply engaged in revolutionary struggles, and his art often merged aesthetic creativity with political expression. The title itself, Echo of a Scream, evokes an intense emotional reaction. Siqueiros’s portrayal captures anguish, despair, and the human cost of war and oppression. Art, as defined by Lumen Learning (n.d.), is “the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination.” This painting embodies that definition by transforming personal and collective trauma into a visually compelling statement. Why Did Echo of a Scream Make Such an Impression? The piece resonates because it provokes deep emotional reflection. The distorted imagery and haunting tones convey sadness, loss, and the silent suffering of marginalized individuals. While I cannot fully determine Siqueiros’s personal state of mind during the creation of the work, it is plausible that his military experiences influenced its dark thematic elements. His exposure to violence and social inequality likely shaped his worldview, resulting in paintings that challenged viewers to confront uncomfortable truths. How Does the Artist’s Background Influence the Painting? Siqueiros’s service in the military and his political activism heavily influenced his art. According to The Art Story (n.d.), he was unafraid to incorporate political messages into his work, often highlighting the struggles of the oppressed. His paintings were not designed merely to please the eye; instead, they functioned as social commentaries, reflecting the harsh realities of life for many. Why Might Some Viewers Dislike His Work? Some may perceive Siqueiros’s art as “too dark” or emotionally heavy. However, such critiques overlook the importance of confronting uncomfortable realities—poverty, hunger, war, and injustice—that persist globally. While some individuals may believe in an idealized, harmonious world, Siqueiros’s art serves as a reminder that beauty and suffering coexist. Interpretation and Emotional Connection to Art Over the course of my studies, I have gained a greater appreciation for the layered meanings embedded within works of art. Art communicates messages that require active interpretation. Just as in everyday communication, the meaning conveyed depends on how the recipient chooses to perceive it. Siqueiros’s Echo of a Scream exemplifies how visual art can establish deep emotional connections between artist and viewer. Such works compel us to reflect on societal conditions, empathize with human suffering, and recognize the shared emotional fabric of humanity. HUMN 303 Week 8 Assignment: Essay Interrelationships Reflection Summary Table of Key Elements in Echo of a Scream Element Details Artist David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896–1974), Mexican muralist Year Completed 1937 Medium Enamel on wood Theme Political struggle, suffering, societal inequality Historical Context Inspired by Siqueiros’s experiences in the Mexican Revolution and exposure to global political conflicts Artistic Impact Evokes sadness, empathy, and social awareness Viewer Response Mixed—some appreciate the realism and message; others find it emotionally heavy Conclusion Siqueiros’s Echo of a Scream is more than an artistic creation—it is a historical and political statement. Its enduring relevance lies in its ability to forcefully convey human suffering while prompting reflection on societal injustices. Through this work, I have learned that art is not merely decorative; it is a communicative force that transcends time, urging us to see the world through the eyes of those who endure hardship. References Lumen Learning. (n.d.). Boundless art history: What is art? Retrieved August 28, 2020, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art/ Martin, F. D., & Jacobus, L. A. (2018). The humanities through the arts (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. HUMN 303 Week 8 Assignment: Essay Interrelationships Reflection The Art Story. (n.d.). David Alfaro Siqueiros: Biography, art, and analysis of works. Retrieved August 28, 2020, from https://www.theartstory.org/artist/siqueiros-david-alfaro/life-and-legacy/

Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date Week 7 Assignment: Controversial Art and Censorship Introduction In recent decades, numerous works of art have sparked intense debate, often leading to their restriction or removal from public spaces. Controversial art frequently challenges societal norms, offering a critique of political, cultural, or moral standards. These expressions may manifest in various forms—songs, literature, visual art, and performances—and can be perceived as offensive by some audiences. According to ICON (n.d.), throughout history, artists have consistently pushed the boundaries of creative expression through paintings, photography, sculptures, and large-scale installations. Such works often serve as political commentary, highlight pressing social issues, or convey religious perspectives. However, some artists have crossed into territory that many consider morally questionable, resulting in censorship, public backlash, or legal intervention. The Selected Artwork: The Nude Maja The piece I selected for this assignment is The Nude Maja by Spanish painter Francisco Goya, created between 1797 and 1800. This oil-on-canvas painting is part of a two-piece series, the other being The Clothed Maja. The work depicts a reclining nude woman with her hands behind her head, exuding a subtle, confident smile. The deep, shadowed background contrasts sharply with the illuminated figure, drawing the viewer’s eye to her form and creating an air of mystery. Art historians continue to debate the model’s identity. As noted by The Art Encyclopedia (2020), some believe she was the mistress of Spanish Prime Minister Manuel de Godoy, who may have commissioned the painting, while others suspect she was Goya’s own lover. The painting was displayed in the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando from 1808 to 1813 before the Spanish Inquisition removed it for 23 years due to its perceived immorality (Aaron Art Prints, n.d.). Historical Significance and Influence The Nude Maja has influenced many later works, particularly Édouard Manet’s Olympia, which, as Meyers (2016) notes, “boldly alluded” to Goya’s masterpiece. In 1930, the Spanish government issued commemorative stamps featuring both The Nude Maja and The Clothed Maja, acknowledging the cultural importance of Goya’s work despite its once-controversial status. According to Martin and Jacobus (2018), three main criteria help determine whether something qualifies as art: By these measures, The Nude Maja qualifies as a significant work of art. Its composition, mastery of light, and nuanced expression elevate it beyond mere depiction into the realm of timeless artistry. Controversial Art: Public vs. Private Consumption While some individuals may find The Nude Maja or similar works offensive, the interpretation of obscenity is often subjective. In modern society, audiences generally have the freedom to choose what they wish to view, especially in private or ticketed venues. However, the placement of explicit or violent imagery in public spaces—particularly those frequented by children—raises legitimate concerns. In such cases, government intervention to relocate or restrict access may be warranted to protect public sensibilities while still respecting artistic freedom. Table: Summary of The Nude Maja’s Historical Timeline Year(s) Event 1797–1800 Francisco Goya paints The Nude Maja 1808–1813 Displayed in the Academy of Fine Arts, San Fernando Early 1800s Removed by the Spanish Inquisition for 23 years due to perceived immorality 1930 Commemorative stamps issued featuring The Nude Maja and The Clothed Maja Modern day Recognized globally as a significant work of Spanish art history Conclusion The Nude Maja exemplifies how art can simultaneously challenge societal norms and enrich cultural heritage. Although initially condemned for its nudity, it is now celebrated as an important milestone in the history of Western art. The debate surrounding such works underscores a broader societal question: Where should the line be drawn between artistic freedom and public decency? The answer may continue to evolve, but the conversation remains essential for a balanced, democratic society. HUMN 303 Week 7 Assignment: Controversial Art and Censorship Submit Assignment References Aaron Art Prints. (n.d.). The Nude Maja by Francisco Goya. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.aaronartprints.org/goya-thenudemaja.php Art on Stamp. (n.d.). The Clothed and The Naked Maja by Goya. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.artonstamps.org/goya.htm ICON. (n.d.). 10 of the most controversial artworks in modern times. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from https://icon.ink/articles/controversial-art-history/ HUMN 303 Week 7 Assignment: Controversial Art and Censorship Submit Assignment Martin, F. D., & Jacobus, L. A. (2018). The humanities through the arts (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Meyers, J. (2016). Impressionist Quartet: The intimate genius of Manet and Morisot, Degas and Cassatt. Southbank Publishing. The Art Encyclopedia. (2020, May 08). Nude Maja, 1800 – Francisco Goya. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.wikiart.org/en/francisco-goya/nude-maja-1800

Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date Week 6 Assignment: Essay – Art Creation & Reflection – Photography/Cinema Amateur Photography and Cinema with the Naked Eye Since the invention of photography in 1839 by Louis J. M. Daguerre, who introduced the daguerreotype process using a silver-coated copper plate, the art world has undergone a transformative shift. At the time, many artists feared that painting might lose its cultural and aesthetic value. Early photographs, rendered in black and white, lacked the vivid color and brushwork characteristic of paintings. However, photography’s unique advantage was its ability to capture moments quickly and with remarkable accuracy—something that traditional painting could rarely match in real time. As camera technology evolved, photography began to rival painting as a legitimate art form. Today, nearly everyone carries a camera in their pocket through their smartphones. Modern devices allow for instant capture, advanced editing, cropping, color adjustments, and even the addition of digital effects. This accessibility has democratized art creation but has also introduced new challenges in preserving originality and artistic intention. For me, nature remains the most captivating subject. My inspiration for this project came from the BBC documentary series “Seven Worlds, One Planet,” a critically acclaimed production filmed over four years across more than 40 countries. Each episode showcases a different continent with breathtaking cinematography (The Times, 2019). The South America episode particularly resonated with me, featuring a rare bird—the Hyacinth macaw—renowned for its striking blue feathers and status as the largest parrot by length. This connection felt personal, as my first pet was also a parrot, which lived with me for over sixteen years. This emotional link deepened my appreciation for avian life and motivated me to create my own bird-centered visual piece. Art Creation Process Inspired by the documentary, I attempted to capture my own “avian moment” in a local park. I encountered a small bird—playfully titled “Little Bird”—that was bathing and drinking from a fountain before suddenly taking flight. I tried to follow it using my smartphone camera, zooming in and out, but I quickly lost sight of it. The challenge reminded me of the precision and skill demonstrated by professional wildlife cinematographers, who can track moving subjects without losing focus. Unlike them, I found it difficult to stabilize my shots and maintain visual continuity. Even with the extensive features of modern smartphones, I discovered that creating a compelling short film requires patience, skill, and post-production expertise. My attempt at editing—adding music, trimming footage, and enhancing clarity—proved more complex than expected. Ultimately, I left my video in its original form, appreciating its raw authenticity. HUMN 303 Week 6 Assignment: Essay–Art Creation & Reflection – Photography/Cinema Comparison: Professional vs. Amateur Wildlife Filming Aspect Professional Wildlife Filming Amateur Smartphone Filming Equipment High-resolution cameras, stabilizers, telephoto lenses Built-in smartphone camera with digital zoom Tracking Ability Skilled operators can follow fast-moving wildlife seamlessly Difficulty in maintaining focus on moving subjects Editing Capabilities Advanced editing software for color grading, sound design, and cuts Basic phone editing apps with limited precision Sound Recording Professional microphones capturing authentic ambient audio Built-in mic prone to background noise Final Output Quality Cinematic, polished, broadcast-ready Casual, often unpolished, personal viewing Reflection My experience reaffirmed that while smartphone technology offers incredible opportunities for personal creativity, it does not replace the craftsmanship of professional cinematography. Filmmakers like those in Seven Worlds, One Planet blend artistry with technical mastery, creating immersive experiences that transport viewers to remote ecosystems. As for me, the simple act of filming a single bird connected me to a lifelong passion for observing wildlife. Whether through professional documentaries or amateur footage, photography and cinema remain powerful tools for storytelling and preserving the beauty of our natural world. SEVEN WORLDS, ONE PLANET: Saving the Blue Parrots of South America The Hyacinth macaw, native to South America, is not only an emblem of avian beauty but also a symbol of conservation efforts. The BBC series highlights the threats these birds face, from habitat destruction to illegal wildlife trade. Documenting such creatures serves as both an artistic endeavor and a call to protect biodiversity. The Little Bird (2020) Although my short film cannot match the scope or technical refinement of a BBC documentary, it holds personal value. It reflects a spontaneous encounter with nature, a fleeting moment of connection, and an appreciation for the everyday wonders that often go unnoticed. References Martin, F. D. (2019). Humanities through the arts. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260154238/ BBC Earth. (n.d.). Saving the blue parrots of South America. Retrieved from https://www.bbcearth.com/blog/?article=saving-the-blue-parrots-of-south-america HUMN 303 Week 6 Assignment: Essay–Art Creation & Reflection – Photography/Cinema The Times (United Kingdom). (2019, October 26). Seven worlds, one planet. p. 23. Retrieved from https://chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=7EH154176197&site=eds-live&scope=site

Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date Introduction Poetry has long stood as one of humanity’s most profound artistic expressions, merging the beauty of language with the depth of emotion. The piece of art I have chosen to create is a poem, a medium with which I have developed a strong connection over time. Poetry possesses the rare ability to weave together narrative and lyricism, creating a space where feelings, insights, and inspiration can be shared across cultural and personal boundaries. This art form manifests in many styles—ranging from tightly structured rhyme schemes to unrestricted free verse—and varies greatly in length and complexity. Regardless of form, poetry invites readers to pause, reflect, and often discover something new about themselves. Like painting, theater, and dance, poetry serves as a bridge for communication, carrying the poet’s inner voice to the hearts and minds of others. The messages conveyed through poetry can span a wide range: from resilience in the face of adversity to heartfelt compassion for those experiencing hardship. Poems can lift the human spirit, provoke thoughtful reflection, and even inspire social change. At its best, poetry establishes connections that reach beyond time, culture, and language, uniting readers in shared experiences and emotions. Poetry’s Emotional Power In many ways, poetry is more than words on a page—it is an emotional journey. Through its lines, readers may find laughter, solace, or even tears. For both poet and reader, it becomes a space where private feelings meet collective understanding. Poetry also plays a significant role in shaping human empathy. By presenting thoughts and experiences in a distilled and evocative form, it allows readers to see the world through someone else’s eyes. Whether written in moments of joy or sorrow, poems have the ability to connect deeply with those who encounter them. Summary In essence, poetry occupies a distinctive space in my creative and emotional life. Its adaptability and capacity to communicate complex human experiences make it a powerful form of self-expression. Moreover, it fosters empathy, understanding, and unity among individuals who might otherwise remain strangers to one another’s stories. Depth of Soul There are moments when I stand before the mirror and am reminded of the inner strength I carry—the resilient “queen” within me. When my crown metaphorically slips, I readjust it, refusing to let it become the cause of my own downfall. Even in the simplest daily rituals—such as a lavender-scented shower that steams the mirror—I am reminded that my soul, and my art, are intertwined. Through my poetry, I offer fragments of myself to others, much like scattered pieces of gold that find their way into the hearts of those who feel adrift. Though I do not possess a literal kingdom, my willingness to give of myself stems from a desire to fill the emptiness in others with compassion and love. Yet, this devotion can be exhausting. Life sometimes threatens to erode my sense of self, replacing pain with only temporary relief. I once believed I had everything under control, until I realized I had become captive to my own emotions. Within those emotions lies both beauty and shadow—an intricate duality that I carry with care. In such times, the smallest gestures—a brief hug, a long-distance phone call, a letter carrying blank pages filled with meaning, or the feeling of the wind during a run—become powerful reminders of my resilience. Each step forward reaffirms my ability to endure and to rise again. The Courage of Love The inspiration for my poem draws from “Before I…” by Aniya K. Pantanal. This original work emphasizes that self-love and the pursuit of dreams do not require grand gestures but rather a spark of courage. This message resonates deeply in today’s world, where anxiety and depression are increasingly prevalent. While some individuals struggle to overcome these challenges, others find strength either within themselves or through the care of loved ones. My own poem, “I’m All It Takes,” was born from my interactions with someone experiencing severe depression. For months, this person wrestled with feelings of worthlessness and disconnection. Even though we eventually lost contact for a period, the conversations we shared left a lasting impact. I sought to capture their struggle and, through my poem, remind them of their inherent value and power. HUMN 303 Week 5 Assignment: Essay Art Creation Music/Dance/Poetry Challenges Imposed by the World on Individual Spirit Both “Before I…” and “I’m All It Takes” explore the theme of individuals confronting the challenge of recognizing their worth amid societal and personal hardships. However, they approach this theme differently, as shown in the comparison below: Aspect “Before I…” by Aniya K. Pantanal “I’m All It Takes” by [Author] Core Message Resilience and the necessity of not surrendering to difficulties The transformative power of small acts of kindness in supporting mental health Tone Encouraging and motivational Compassionate and empathetic Medium Style Short, concise lines for impactful delivery Longer, descriptive sentences for emotional depth Focus Building inner strength despite obstacles Offering emotional connection to those in distress While the original poem highlights inner fortitude and perseverance, my poem places greater emphasis on interpersonal gestures—reminders that even the smallest acts can help restore someone’s sense of worth. The difference in form and length also shapes the emotional experience for the reader. Conclusion Poetry remains an enduring art form because of its ability to combine personal reflection with universal truth. Through my work, I seek not only to share my own journey but also to offer comfort and strength to those who may be fighting silent battles. Whether in brief, poignant lines or expansive, descriptive passages, poetry remains a medium that transcends the constraints of time, culture, and language—speaking directly to the soul. References Accepting Who You Are, Before I…, Change Poem. (2017). Family Friend Poems. https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem/before-i HUMN 303 Week 5 Assignment: Essay Art Creation Music/Dance/Poetry Pantanal, A. K. (2017). Before I…. In Family Friend Poems. https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem/before-i

Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date Week 4 Discussion: Literary Movements Introduction to Realism Professor Morris and Class, For this week’s discussion, I have chosen to explore the literary movement of realism. Realism emerged in France during the 1850s, following the political upheavals of the 1848 Revolution. The movement developed partly as a reaction to the decline of the British Empire and as a challenge to the idealized visions of life promoted by Romanticism. Unlike Romanticism, which favored heightened emotion, imaginative themes, and exotic settings, realism focused on ordinary life, everyday struggles, and authentic depictions of society (Jacobus & Martin, 2019). The core philosophy of realism was to represent life truthfully without embellishment. It rejected the grandiose heroism and idealized portrayals that dominated earlier literature, instead emphasizing credible characters, relatable social contexts, and vernacular language that reflected real human experiences. What Is an Example of Literary Realism? One prominent example of literary realism is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, first published in 1888. This novel follows Huckleberry “Huck” Finn, a boy who lives in poverty and suffers abuse at the hands of his alcoholic father. In an attempt to escape his circumstances, Huck runs away down the Mississippi River with Jim, an enslaved man fleeing the threat of being sold and permanently separated from his family. Throughout their journey, Huck and Jim experience moments of true freedom only while drifting on their raft, away from the restrictions of society. Their peace is disrupted when they encounter two conmen, known as the duke and the king, who exploit them for profit and ultimately betray Jim by selling him back into slavery. Huck sets out to rescue Jim, and in a twist, is mistaken for his friend Tom Sawyer. Tom soon joins the effort, pretending to be his own brother, Sid. However, during the rescue attempt, Tom is shot, and Jim—demonstrating loyalty and compassion—refuses to abandon him, resulting in Jim’s recapture. The story resolves when Jim learns his original owner had passed away and freed him in her will—a fact Tom had known all along (History.com Editors, 2009). How Does Realism Represent Reality? Realism represents reality by portraying common, everyday experiences in a straightforward, unembellished manner. The language is often simple and direct, avoiding unnecessary romanticization. Twain’s novel reflects this approach by using Huck’s authentic Missourian dialect, giving the narrative an organic and believable voice. The realism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is evident in its focus on middle- and lower-class characters—Huck as a poor, abused child and Jim as a man bound by the brutal institution of slavery. The novel also integrates historical and political influences, such as slavery, racism, and prevailing social attitudes of the 19th-century American South. HUMN 303 Week 4 Discussion Jim is depicted as brave, selfless, and morally upright, while many white characters in the story embody selfishness, greed, and violence. This inversion of moral expectations underscores the critical social commentary that realism often brings to literature. Key Characteristics of Realism and Application in Twain’s Work Realism Characteristic Application in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Focus on everyday life Depicts Huck’s impoverished upbringing and Jim’s enslavement. Use of regional dialects Narrative written in Huck’s Missourian speech patterns. Depiction of middle- and lower-class life Central characters come from disadvantaged backgrounds. Social and political relevance Addresses slavery, racism, and social injustice in the pre-Civil War South. Moral complexity Jim is morally superior to many white characters despite being enslaved. Lack of romanticized outcomes Even moments of freedom are short-lived; the ending contains irony. Conclusion Realism is a powerful literary movement that seeks to present life as it is—without exaggeration or idealization. Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn stands as a quintessential example, capturing the moral conflicts, social struggles, and authentic voices of its time. Through Huck and Jim’s journey, the novel not only reflects realism’s stylistic traits but also offers timeless insight into human dignity, prejudice, and moral growth. References Jacobus, L. A., & Martin, F. D. (2019). The humanities through the arts. McGraw-Hill Education. HUMN 303 Week 4 Discussion History.com Editors. (2009, February 18). Mark Twain publishes “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”. History. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/twain-publishes-the-adventures-of-huckleberry-finn

Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date Week 3 Art Creation & Reflection – Sculpture, Painting, or Drawing Art, in its many forms, serves as a mirror of human emotions, experiences, and perspectives. An artist’s work is often inspired by a combination of factors—ranging from personal emotions, environmental influences, life experiences, and sometimes a specific muse. Art acts as a unique mode of communication, capable of telling a story without uttering a single word. What makes this communication remarkable is its subjectivity: each viewer interprets the same piece in different ways, often crafting their own narrative based on personal perception. My Inspiration What inspired my chosen art piece? For my inspiration piece, I selected an oil painting by Paul Cézanne titled Mont Sainte-Victoire, created between 1886 and 1887. This work depicts the artist’s hometown, Aix-en-Provence in France, where Cézanne’s home had a direct view of the mountain. The mountain itself became a recurring subject in his art, serving as his muse for many landscapes. Historical accounts suggest that Mont Sainte-Victoire was once believed to be sacred and even home to a deity (Martin & Jacobus, 2018). This painting conveys a sense of serenity through its harmonious combination of green, yellow, and blue hues. For me, nature has always been a source of happiness and peace. Observing the vibrancy of life around us instills hope and a reminder that beauty still exists in the world. According to research, colors in art significantly influence emotional responses. Bright colors often evoke positivity, while darker hues may evoke feelings of sadness or melancholy (Sutton & Altarriba, 2015). For instance, in our Week 2 assignment, I explored Pablo Picasso’s The Old Guitarist, a somber painting from his Blue Period, dominated by muted grays, deep blues, and blacks. Interestingly, Picasso himself regarded Cézanne as his “one and only master” (The Art Story, 2019). The contrast between their works reflects the difference in their personal lives—Picasso’s art from a time of hardship, and Cézanne’s from a place of peace and natural inspiration. Table 1 Comparison Between Cézanne’s and Picasso’s Art Styles Artist Artwork Color Palette Emotional Tone Inspiration Source Paul Cézanne Mont Sainte-Victoire Greens, yellows, blues Calmness, peace Natural landscape (Aix) Pablo Picasso The Old Guitarist Grays, dark blues, blacks Sadness, melancholy Poverty and hardship My Creation How did I translate my inspiration into my own work? Inspired by Cézanne’s serene mountain scene, I created my own landscape drawing titled Just 3 Flowers. My artwork depicts rolling hills with three prominent flowers in the foreground and smaller hills fading into the background, giving the illusion of depth. I used colored pencils for the main color work and a black marker to outline and define shapes. The hills were shaded in varying greens to mimic the vibrancy found in Cézanne’s landscapes, while the flowers were colored with blue petals and orange centers. For me, the petals represent the expansive sky, and the orange centers symbolize the sun. Although the composition contains only three flowers, they hold deep personal symbolism—representing peace, hope, and happiness for myself, my loved ones, and humanity as a whole. Connection How are the two works related? Thematically, both works celebrate the beauty of nature as a symbol of life’s positive elements—peace, happiness, and hope. While both are landscapes, they differ in artistic execution. Cézanne’s work demonstrates refined mastery over line, form, and texture, whereas my piece embraces simplicity and personal symbolism. Despite the difference in technical skill, both works incorporate natural elements—mountains, hills, trees, flowers—that contribute to their beauty. Cézanne drew inspiration from a real and culturally significant mountain, giving his work a profound historical and geographical context. In contrast, my work was born from a personal desire for tranquility, especially as I navigate the challenges of nursing school during a global pandemic HUMN 303 Week 3 Art Creation & Reflection – Sculpture, Painting, or Drawing The process of creating my piece was therapeutic. In just thirty minutes, I experienced the calmness I admired in Cézanne’s painting. Although I do not consider myself a professional artist, I discovered a new hobby that provides peace and mental relief during stressful times. References Martin, F. D., & Jacobus, L. A. (2018). The humanities through the arts (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Sutton, T. M., & Altarriba, J. (2015). Color associations to emotion and emotion-laden words: A collection of norms for stimulus construction and selection. Behavior Research Methods, 48(2), 686–728. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0598-8 The Art Story. (2019). Pablo Picasso. The Art Story. https://www.theartstory.org/artist/picasso-pablo/ HUMN 303 Week 3 Art Creation & Reflection – Sculpture, Painting, or Drawing Visual Art. (n.d.). Mont Sainte-Victoire paintings (1882–1906). http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/paintings-analysis/montagne-sainte-victoire.htm

Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date Week 2 Discussion: Critic of the Arts Hello Professor and Class, From our readings, it is clear that criticism is an inherent part of human decision-making. As Jacobus and Martin (2019) state, “Most of the time it is low-level criticism, almost instinctive, establishing your preferences in music, literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, film, and video art” (p. 42). We constantly assess and form opinions about the world around us, even when not consciously aware of it. After reviewing the various works of art presented in our reading—which, in itself, is a form of criticism and selection—I chose to evaluate Nu Couché (“Sleeping Nude”) by Amedeo Modigliani (Jacobus & Martin, 2019, p. 55). Descriptive Although art can be analyzed through seven elements—line, shape, form, space, texture, value, and color—I will focus on three: line, texture, and color (My Modern Met, n.d.). Element Description in the Painting Artistic Effect Line The lines are smooth, elongated, and stylized rather than anatomically precise. Creates an idealized, almost dreamlike form, enhancing the sensuality of the figure. Texture Defined as “the surface ‘feel’ of something” (Jacobus & Martin, 2019, p. 72), the texture appears soft and refined. Adds dimensionality, suggesting both the softness of the skin and the relaxed posture of the subject. Color The palette is minimal, with flesh tones dominating the composition. Maintains focus on the human figure, projecting a sense of perfection and omitting imperfections or blemishes entirely. The intentional simplicity in color choice directs the viewer’s attention entirely to the body’s contours and pose, avoiding distractions from the background. The composition reflects a harmonious balance between minimalism and sensual expression. Interpretive As Jacobus and Martin (2019) explain, “Interpretive criticism explicates the content of a work of art” (p. 48). I interpret Nu Couché as a celebration of the human form in its most natural and unembellished state. The reclining pose communicates not only sensuality but also a sense of serenity and vulnerability. In today’s world, where constant motion and stress are common, this painting evokes the beauty of stillness. The closed eyes and relaxed posture may symbolize peace, rest, and freedom from societal pressures. Modigliani’s portrayal suggests that the body is not just a physical form, but also a vessel for emotional and spiritual calmness. Evaluative “Evaluative criticism presupposes three fundamental standards: perfection, insight, and inexhaustibility” (Jacobus & Martin, 2019, p. 52). Modigliani’s Nu Couché demonstrates mastery in all three areas. HUMN 303 Week 2 Discussion As Summer (2003) notes, “Experimenting with new forms is always challenging, and so it is the perfect activity for artists” (p. 66). Modigliani’s willingness to challenge conventional anatomical accuracy in favor of expressive elegance makes this painting both timeless and thought-provoking. While some may find its nudity controversial, its artistic intent and compositional execution stand as a testament to creative exploration. References Jacobus, L. A., & Martin, F. D. (2019). The humanities through the arts (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. My Modern Met. (n.d.). The 7 elements of art and how to use them in your own work. https://mymodernmet.com/elements-of-art-visual-culture/ HUMN 303 Week 2 Discussion Summer, L. (2003). The elements of painting. LILIPO. Bibliographic Records: 12/01/2003. Retrieved July 12, 2020, from Chamberlain Library via EBSCOhost

Student Name Chamberlain University HUMN-303: Introduction to the Humanities Prof. Name Date Value of Studying Humanities in the Field of Health Professions The integration of humanities into the health professions offers significant benefits, particularly for nurses and other healthcare providers. Humanities disciplines, such as visual arts, foster critical observation skills by encouraging individuals to examine details closely before forming conclusions. This skill is essential in nursing practice, where careful observation enables professionals to engage meaningfully with patients without relying on assumptions (Marquez, 2018). In my professional journey, literature also holds substantial value, as it challenges me to embrace diverse perspectives and problem-solving approaches. Working in a healthcare environment exposes me to individuals from varying cultural, religious, and ideological backgrounds. This diversity demands that I not only respect but also integrate patients’ personal preferences into their care plans. Similarly, art inspires creativity and adaptability, qualities that are crucial in developing patient-centered solutions. Just as an artist uses various colors and techniques to create a captivating piece, healthcare professionals must draw from a range of strategies to deliver effective and empathetic care. Artistic engagement, therefore, nurtures flexibility in thinking, which is vital in the ever-evolving medical landscape. Table 1 Connections Between Humanities and Health Professions Humanities Discipline Skills Developed Application in Nursing Practice Visual Arts Observation, attention to detail Detecting subtle changes in patient condition Literature Empathy, cultural awareness Respecting patient values and beliefs during care delivery Philosophy Ethical reasoning, critical thinking Navigating complex healthcare dilemmas Music & Performance Arts Emotional intelligence, stress management Enhancing patient comfort and reducing anxiety Significance of Humanities in Personal Life One of the most meaningful aspects of humanities in my personal life is the ability to remain receptive to new ideas. For instance, in visual art, the artist’s unique expression often introduces novel perspectives that encourage innovation. This openness to creativity allows me to approach life’s challenges with fresh solutions. The famous painting A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte exemplifies this principle. Through the use of shading and color, the artist captures a diverse group of individuals enjoying a peaceful afternoon, reflecting how attention to detail can spark innovative approaches to problem-solving (Russell, 2019). Similarly, Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is a compelling example of harmony amid complexity. The subtle blending of elements in the painting mirrors how diverse healthcare teams, composed of professionals with varying skills, can work cohesively to achieve successful outcomes. These artistic principles remind me that collaboration, respect for diversity, and balanced communication are not only artistic values but also essential professional skills in healthcare practice. References Marquez, P. (2018). The role of observation skills in nursing practice. Journal of Nursing Education, 45(2), 120–126. HUMN 303 Week 1 Discussion Russell, H. (2019). Interpreting art: Lessons for professional growth. Art and Society Review, 12(3), 55–63.