Student Name Capella University NURS-FPX 8014 Global Population Health Prof. Name Date Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes Diabetes, a prevalent global health concern impacting millions, necessitates immediate attention. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that 463 million adults aged 20-79 have diabetes, with projections reaching 578 million by 2030 (Saeedi et al., 2019). This chronic condition significantly contributes to premature deaths, sight loss, renal failure, heart attacks, and strokes. Stakeholders globally are actively involved in strategic planning and policy development to address this escalating crisis (Hendricks et al., 2023). Initiatives by Global Health Organizations: World Health Organization (WHO): The WHO leads the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, including diabetes. The plan aims to reduce early deaths from such diseases by 25% through cost-effective policies by 2025. During the pandemic, the IDF established the Diabetes and COVID-19 task force, advocating for equitable access to diabetes care (World Health Organization, 2022). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): The CDC in the U.S. launched the National Diabetes Prevention Program, focusing on lifestyle changes to prevent type 2 diabetes. The European Diabetes Forum, supported by the European Union (EU), collaborates to develop diabetes prevention and management policies (Prevention, 2020). National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC): In Australia, NHMRC crafted the National Diabetes Strategy for 2016-2020, outlining the nation’s approach to mitigate the impact of diabetes (Krass et al., 2023). Rationale for Culturally Sensitive Strategies: Addressing the National Association of School Nurses (NASN), I emphasized culturally sensitive strategies for diabetes management. School nurses, pivotal in diabetes care for school-aged children, form a critical audience for this discussion (Bergren, 2022). Research and Preparation: My preparation involved comprehensive research on diabetes, incorporating causes, prevalence, and global initiatives. Expert consultations ensured the cultural sensitivity of proposed strategies. Utilizing reputable sources like the WHO and American Diabetes Association, along with a survey of school nurses, enriched the depth of my recommendations (Largent, 2021). Proposed Culturally Sensitive Strategies: Culturally Sensitive Education Programs: Community-Based Interventions: Affordable Access to Medication: Healthy Eating Policies: Sustainable Resources and Policy Development: Diabetes, a global health concern, necessitates strategic investment in sustainable resources and policy development. Advocating for NASN’s involvement in promoting diabetes prevention and management policies aligns with their mission and contributes to better health outcomes (Bergren, 2022). Established Policies in Mauritius and the United States: Call for Investment in Sustainable Resources and Policy Development: Investing in sustainable resources, like green spaces and access to healthy food, and advocating for evidence-based policies are crucial steps. Collaborating with organizations like NASN aligns with the broader goal of promoting a healthier and more sustainable future (Chung et al., 2020). Reflection on Presentation: The presentation garnered active engagement, with participants appreciating the significance of sustainable resources and policy development. Valuable lessons highlighted the need for collaboration, long-term planning, and financial commitment for successful implementation (Galindo et al., 2021). Future Advocacy Improvements: To enhance future advocacy, incorporating more examples and case studies showcasing successful utilization of sustainable resources would be beneficial. The presentation’s positive reception affirmed the potential impact and emphasized the importance of addressing global health challenges collaboratively (Galindo et al., 2021). Key Takeaways and Professional Practice Implications: The presentation emphasized diabetes as a global health concern and underscored the importance of evidence-based policies and sustainable resources. Healthcare professionals should stay informed, collaborate, and address healthcare disparities to effectively manage diabetes. NASN’s role in advocating for policies aligns with the organization’s mission, contributing to a healthier future (Kerr and Glantz, 2020). Conclusion: Global efforts to address diabetes demand strategic planning, culturally sensitive approaches, and sustainable resource investment. Collaborative advocacy, involving organizations like NASN, is pivotal for successful policy development and implementation. By prioritizing evidence-based strategies and cultivating a shared commitment, we can work towards mitigating the impact of diabetes on individuals and communities worldwide. References: Bergren, M. D. (2022). Shine a light on school nurses. The Journal of School Nursing, 38(4), 325–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405221099145 Brooks, L. A., Manias, E., & Bloomer, M. J. (2019). Culturally sensitive communication in healthcare: A concept analysis. Collegian, 26(3), 383–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.09.007 Chung, W. K., Erion, K., Florez, J. C., Hattersley, A. T., Hivert, M.-F., Lee, C. G., McCarthy, M. I., Nolan, J. J., Norris, J. M., Pearson, E. R., Philipson, L., McElvaine, A. T., Cefalu, W. T., Rich, S. S., & Franks, P. W. (2020). Precision medicine in diabetes: A consensus report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1617–1635. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0022 Curran, K., Piyasena, P., Congdon, N., Duke, L., Malanda, B., & Peto, T. (2023). Inclusion of diabetic retinopathy screening strategies in national-level diabetes care planning in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Health Research Policy and Systems, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00940-0 Galindo, R., Parkin, C. G., Aleppo, G., Carlson, A., Kruger, D., Levy, C., Umpierrez, G., & McGill, J. B. (2021). What’s wrong with this picture? A critical review of current CMS coverage criteria for CGM. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2021.0107 Gong, Q., Zhang, P., Wang, J., Ma, J., An, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, B., Feng, X., Li, H., Chen, X., Cheng, Y. J., Gregg, E. W., Hu, Y., Bennett, P. H., Li, G., Qian, X., Zhang, L., Hui, Y., He, S., & Wang, X. (2019). Morbidity and mortality after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance: 30-year results of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 7(6), 452–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30093-230093-2) NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes Grummon, A. H., Lockwood, B. B., Taubinsky, D., & Allcott, H. (2019). Designing better sugary drink taxes. Science, 365(6457), 989–990. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav5199 Gruss, S. M., Nhim, K., Gregg, E., Bell, M., Luman, E., & Albright, A. (2019). Public health approaches to type 2 diabetes prevention: The US National Diabetes Prevention Program and beyond. Current Diabetes Reports, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1200-z Hendricks, L., Uwimana-Nicol, J., & Young, T. (2023). Decision makers’ perceptions and experiences of developing population-level interventions targeting risk factors for hypertension and diabetes in South Africa: A qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09135-x Kerr, D., & Glantz,

Student Name Capella University NURS-FPX 8014 Global Population Health Prof. Name Date Global Health Disparities Caused by the Russo-Ukrainian War On February 20, 2022, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine commenced, leading to a severe escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War (World Health Organization, 2022a). This invasion created significant barriers to healthcare access for the affected citizens. Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), reported the organization’s concerted efforts to support Ukraine’s Ministry of Health by providing essential medical supplies and equipment (World Health Organization, 2022a). This paper examines the health disparities resulting from the war, including cultural challenges, and proposes strategies to address these issues. Additionally, an educational PowerPoint presentation will be presented. Description of the Healthcare Challenge The conflict in Ukraine has hindered healthcare access for its citizens, particularly in areas of active conflict. The destruction of infrastructure has significantly affected the healthcare system’s ability to provide services. Physicians in Ukraine have reported disruptions in healthcare services, shortages of supplies, and challenges in caring for patients with severe illnesses (Fontanarosa et al., 2022). The consequences on health in Ukraine are deemed catastrophic, with attacks on healthcare documented since the war’s onset (World Health Organization, 2022a). These attacks directly impact vulnerable groups, including women, children, and the elderly (UNICEF, 2022). Social Determinants Influencing the Problem The lack of healthcare has emerged as a prominent social issue in Ukraine, with 260 verified attacks on healthcare since the war began (World Health Organization, 2022). Social challenges include food and water shortages, mental health concerns, language barriers, and the evolving issue of migration (Fontanarosa et al., 2022). Environmental damage resulting from the war, such as contaminated water sources and soil deterioration, further exacerbates the health crisis (Rawtani et al., 2022). Cultural Impact of the War Cultural issues arising from the war encompass the significant loss of cultural heritage, destruction of artifacts, religious sites, and historical monuments, which will have a lasting impact on the identity of the Ukrainian people (UNESCO, 2022). Strategies and Interventions Several organizations, including UNICEF, WHO, and the Red Cross, are actively engaged in providing essential aid and support to Ukraine. Private companies, such as Microsoft, Meta, and Samsung Electronics, have also contributed to relief efforts (World Health Organization, 2022b). Lifesaving programs, emergency aid, medical care, and training initiatives are being delivered to address the immediate needs of the affected population (UNICEF, 2022). Gaps in the Response Despite these efforts, there are significant gaps in immunization coverage, particularly for COVID-19, leading to outbreaks in refugee shelters. Vaccination gaps for basic immunizations pose additional challenges, with potential interruptions in HIV and TB therapies (Butenop et al., 2022). Conclusion The health disparities in Ukraine resulting from the ongoing war are multifaceted, encompassing the loss of infrastructure, access to healthcare, social issues, and cultural devastation. Immediate and sustained efforts from international organizations and governments are crucial to address these challenges and mitigate the long-term consequences on the health and well-being of the Ukrainian population. The repercussions of the war also extend globally, impacting economic recovery and posing challenges for policymakers worldwide (United Nations News, 2022). References Bhatia, G., & McClure, J. (2020, September 14). Ukraine: The latest coronavirus counts, charts and maps. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/graphics/world-coronavirus-tracker-andmaps/countries-and-territories/ukraine/ Butenop, J., Brake, T., Mauder, S., & Razum, O. (2022). Gesundheitliche lage in der ukraine vor kriegsbeginn und ihre relevanz für die versorgung ukrainischer geflüchteter in deutschland: Literaturdurchsicht, risikoanalyse und prioritätensetzung. Das Gesundheitswesen, 84(08/09), 679–688. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1876-2423 Fontanarosa, P. B., Flanagin, A., & Golub, R. M. (2022). Catastrophic health consequences of the war in Ukraine. JAMA, 327(16), 1549. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.6046 Gapminder. (n.d.). Ukraine. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from https://upgrader.gapminder.org/t/ukraine/ Internal Displacement Monitoring Center. (2022, May 18). Ukraine. IDMC. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/ukraine Mogilevkina, I., Gurianov, V., & Lindmark, G. (2022). Effectiveness of emergency obstetric care training at the regional level in Ukraine: A non-randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04458-9 Office for New Americans. (2022). Governor’s office for new americans reiterates U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s uniting for Ukraine initiative. State of Nevada. https://ona.nv.gov/ Rawtani, D., Gupta, G., Khatri, N., Rao, P. K., & Hussain, C. (2022). Environmental damages due to war in Ukraine: A perspective. Science of The Total Environment, 850, 157932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157932 NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 2 Global Issue Problem UNESCO. (2022, December 26). Damaged cultural sites in Ukraine verified by UNESCO. Retrieved December 26, 2022, from https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/damagedcultural-sites-ukraine-verified-unesco UNICEF. (2022, March 13). Stop attacks on health care in Ukraine. Humanitarian appeal. Retrieved December 26, 2022, from [https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/stop-attackshealth-care-ukraine](https://www.unicef.org/press -releases/stop-attackshealth-care-ukraine) United Nations News. (2022, May 25). Cultural destruction in Ukraine by Russian forces will reverberate for years, UN rights expert warns. UN News. Retrieved December 26, 2022, from https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1119052 World Health Organization. (2022a, June 3). One hundred days of war has put Ukraine’s health system under severe pressure. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.who.int/news/item/03-06-2022-one-hundred-days-of-war-has-put-ukraine-shealth-system-under-severe-pressure World Health Organization. (2022b, December 19). WHO provides assistive products for thousands of displaced people in Ukraine. WHO. Retrieved December 26, 2022, from https://www.who.int/ukraine/news/item/19-12-2022-who-provides-assistive-products-forthousands-of-displaced-people-in-ukraine NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 2 Global Issue Problem

Student Name Capella University NURS-FPX 8014 Global Population Health Prof. Name Date Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Global Health Challenges Abstract This paper explores the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in addressing global health issues, focusing on the example of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and its efforts in combating diabetes. It discusses the distinctions between public health NGOs and governmental public health organizations, emphasizing the advantages and challenges faced by NGOs. The paper also delves into the evaluation methods employed by public health NGOs in addressing health issues and reflects on the experiences and insights gained through research and interviews with representatives from the IDF. Additionally, it highlights the significance of public health NGOs in addressing global health concerns and concludes with a call for increased efforts from similar organizations to tackle diverse global health issues. Introduction Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in addressing political, social, and economic issues on local, national, and international levels (Pal et al., 2019). This paper examines the involvement of NGOs, specifically focusing on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), in addressing global health challenges, with a particular emphasis on diabetes. NGOs and Global Health Challenges NGOs, such as the IDF, contribute significantly to addressing global health challenges, particularly in the realm of diabetes. Diabetes, a chronic disease affecting blood sugar regulation, has become a major public health concern, contributing to various health issues such as coronary diseases, stroke, and complications in kidneys, eyes, and nerves (Forouhi & Wareham, 2019). In Mauritius, for instance, where diabetes prevalence is notably high at 20% of the population, the government has initiated several programs to combat this health issue (Paurobally et al., 2021). Distinctions Between Public Health NGOs and Governmental Organizations Public health NGOs operate independently and often focus on disease education, prevention, and treatment, supported by donations and grants (Ralston et al., 2020). In contrast, governmental public health organizations, like the World Health Organization (WHO), have broader reach and funding derived from government sources, enabling them to formulate policies and programs for public health (Gostin et al., 2020). The Role of IDF in Global Health The IDF, established in 1950, is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting diabetes treatment, prevention, and cure worldwide (International Diabetes Federation, 2021). With over 230 member associations across 160 countries, the IDF actively engages in initiatives such as the World Diabetes Day campaign to raise awareness and support programs for managing and preventing diabetes (Tönnies et al., 2021). Advantages of Public Health NGOs Over Government-Sponsored Programs Public health NGOs, including the IDF, demonstrate greater adaptability, creativity, and responsiveness to local health issues. They can focus on specific populations or health concerns overlooked by government-sponsored programs and collaborate with various organizations to utilize resources effectively (Pierre, 2020). Additionally, NGOs seek donations proactively, distribute funds more independently, and offer streamlined assistance application processes (Boulton, 2020). Challenges Faced by Public Health NGOs While NGOs offer flexibility and innovation, they face challenges such as limited resources, lack of political influence, and difficulties in sustaining long-term projects due to inconsistent funding (Amiri & Pagheh, 2019). The IDF, relying heavily on donations and grants, encounters obstacles in reaching a larger diabetic population (International Diabetes Federation, 2021). Evaluation of Global Health Issues by NGOs Public health NGOs, like the IDF, assess health issues based on prevalence, severity, available resources, and potential for prevention and management (Piemonte, 2021). Reliable data from institutions like the WHO aids NGOs in making informed decisions on intervention strategies (Ogurtsova et al., 2021). Practicum Research and Interviewing Experiences Research and interviews with IDF representatives provide insights into the organization’s strategies and initiatives in diabetes prevention and management. The experiences highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based interventions in addressing global health issues (Sayarifard et al., 2022). Conclusion In conclusion, NGOs, exemplified by the IDF, play a pivotal role in addressing global health challenges, particularly in the context of diabetes. The IDF’s multifaceted approach, combining awareness campaigns, education, research, and advocacy, showcases the impact NGOs can have on health issues. Despite challenges, NGOs offer unique advantages, emphasizing the need for increased collaboration and support for these organizations to effectively address diverse global health concerns. Further research and initiatives from NGOs are essential to complement governmental efforts in tackling complex health issues worldwide. References Amiri, M., & Pagheh, B. (2019). Challenges and Issues faced by Non-Governmental Organizations in Pune City, State of Maharashtra, India. RELIGACIÓN. Revista de Ciencias Sociales Y Humanidades, 4(13), 374–382. Boulton, A. (2020). Strengthening the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 108029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108029 Cahill, S. (2019). WHO’s global action plan on the public health response to dementia: Some challenges and opportunities. Aging & Mental Health, 24(2), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1544213 Federation, I. D. (2020, November 14). International Diabetes Federation calls for improved funding and training to help nurses tackle the global diabetes crisis. Www.prnewswire.com. https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/international-diabetes-federation-calls-for-improved-funding-and-training-to-help-nurses-tackle-the-global-diabetes-crisis-883107543.html Forouhi, N. G., & Wareham, N. J. (2019). Epidemiology of Diabetes. Medicine, 47(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2018.10.004 [APA format for journal article] Gostin, L. O., Hodge, J. G., Bloom, B. R., El-Mohandes, A., Fielding, J., Hotez, P., Kurth, A., Larson, H. J., Orenstein, W. A., Rabin, K., Ratzan, S. C., & Salmon, D. (2020). The public health crisis of underimmunization: A global plan of action. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(1), e11–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30558-4 International Diabetes Federation. (2021, December 9). International Diabetes Federation – Facts & Figures. Idf.org. https://idf.org/aboutdiabetes/what-is-diabetes/facts-figures.html Mathieu, C., Soderberg, J., Del Prato, S., Felton, A.-M., Cos, X., de Beaufort, C., Gautier, J.-F., Hauck, B., Forbes, A., Heine, R., Schwarz, P., & Torbeyns, B. (2022). The European Diabetes Forum (EUDF): A forum for turning the tide on Diabetes in Europe. Diabetologia, 66(2 ), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05831-1 NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 1 Non-governmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues Mtila, Y. (2020). Assessing the burden of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and risk factors among Blantyre city-based Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) drivers. Rscarchive.kuhes.ac.mw. https://rscarchive.kuhes.ac.mw/handle/20.500.12988/851 Ogurtsova, K., Guariguata, L., Barengo, N. C., Lopez-Doriga Ruiz, P., Sacre, J. W., Karuranga, S., Sun, H., Boyko, E. J., & Magliano, D. J. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed Diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Research